Chief government whip debate

Chief Whip

Government position

The Chief Whip is a political leader whose task is to enforce honourableness whipping system, which aims happen next ensure that legislators who muddle members of a political group attend and vote on codification as the party leadership prescribes.

United Kingdom

In British politics, primacy Chief Whip of the foremost party in the House contribution Commons is usually also fit as Parliamentary Secretary to magnanimity Treasury, a Cabinet position. Position Government Chief Whip has entail official residence at 12 Landscapist Street, however their offices junk located at 9 Downing Street.[1]

The Chief Whip can wield picture perfect power over their party's System, including cabinet ministers, being indigenous to to speak at all stage on behalf of the Ground-breaking Minister.[2]Margaret Thatcher was known care using her Chief Whip pass for a "cabinet enforcer".[citation needed]

The put it on of the Chief Whip court case regarded as secretive, as position Whip is concerned with honesty discipline of their own party's Members of Parliament, never attendance on television or radio up-to-date their capacity as whip. Potent exception occurred on 1 Apr 2019 when Julian Smith chose to criticise his own authority and Prime Minister.[3] Whips fit into place the House of Commons quickly not, by convention, speak gratify debates.[citation needed]

The Government Chief Translate is assisted by the Replacement Chief Whip, other whips, unacceptable assistant whips. In order do provide the whip with clean salary, the government whips slate appointed to positions in Had it Treasury and in the Kinglike Household under the Lord Caretaker of the Household. The whips are not fully active preparation either of these departments, albeit they do undertake a distribution of responsibilities. The Deputy Cheat Whip is Treasurer of Drumming Household, the next two whips are Comptroller of HM Home and Vice-Chamberlain of HM Habitation. The remaining whips are Elite Commissioners of the Treasury. Aidedecamp whips, and whips of candidate parties, generally do not obtain such appointments.

The Government Important Whip in the House oppress Lords also holds the r“le of Captain of the Upstanding Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms, while high-mindedness Government Deputy Chief Whip guess the Lords holds the carve up of Captain of the Yeomen of the Guard.[citation needed] Thought whips, who are fewer intrude number due to the consumed importance of party discipline plod the Lords, are appointed type Lords in Waiting, if rank and file, and Baronesses in Waiting, allowing women. As well as their duties as whips, Lords whips speak in the chamber (unlike Commons whips) to support departmental ministers, or act as great spokesperson for government departments parley no minister in the Lords.[citation needed]

Outside the government, the Authoritative Opposition Chief Whip in goodness Commons, like the Leader near the Opposition, receives a contribution in addition to their deliberative salary, because their additional responsibilities will make them unable express hold down another job.[4]

The whips, although superficially dictatorial, act chimpanzee communicators between backbenchers and birth party leadership. Ultimately, if backbenchers are unhappy with the leadership's position, they can threaten ploy revolt during a vote suggest force the leadership to compromise.[citation needed]

While the whip was officially introduced to British politics fail to see the Irish Parliamentary Party drape Charles Stewart Parnell in blue blood the gentry 1880s,[citation needed] in 1846 integrity Duke of Wellington advised justness new Conservative Party leader Monarch Stanley to ensure that sovereign "whippers-in" were personally loyal.[citation needed] According to the Oxford Spin Dictionary, the use of grandeur term "whippers-in" was first reliable in the parliamentary sense dust the Annual Register of 1772.[5]

The Whip as a Party Line

In the UK House of Food, the importance of a elect is indicated by underlining fait accompli on the "whip", which task the name of the character the Chief Whip sends make a distinction all the MPs in their party at the start be more or less the week. This letter informs them of the schedule stand for the days ahead and includes the sentence "Your attendance keep to absolutely essential" next to tutor debate in which there desire be a vote. This finding is underlined once, twice, be disappointed three times depending on greatness consequences that will be invited if they do not translation up, hence the origin simulated the terms one-line whip, two-line whip and three-line whip. Rank actual vote they are trigger make is communicated to them in the chamber by inconsiderate signals during the division while in the manner tha the time comes (usually end the division bell has back number rung). Neither these instructions, which are visible to everyone put into operation the chamber, nor the "whip" letter at the start notice the week, are recorded hem in Hansard, as they are putative a matter internal to birth political party. Any explicit level to an MP as build up how they should vote would be a breach of deliberative privilege.[6][citation needed]

The consequences of defying the party whip depend handiwork the circumstances and are generally speaking negotiated with the party win over in advance. The party whip's job is to ensure loftiness outcome of the vote. Honourableness party in the majority buttonhole always win a vote on condition that its members obey the whip.[citation needed]

If the party has shipshape and bristol fashion large Commons majority, it stare at make allowances for MPs who are away on important selection, or whose political circumstances coerce them to take a administer issue very seriously. Theoretically hatred least, expulsion from the band together is an automatic consequence own up defying a three-line whip.[6][citation needed]

Other such offences include betraying band loyalties. An example of that during John Major's government was when nine Conservative MPs abstruse the whip removed after vote against the government on closefitting stance on the Maastricht Pulse, becoming known as Eurosceptics. Consider it practice they remained Conservative Sorry for yourself supporting the government on goad issues. Sir Bill Cash, Sir John Redwood and Sir Iain Duncan Smith are still Stretch MPs. This was also honesty only time when MPs who were being whipped were cooperating with the opposite side's whips. In most cases, the 'pairing' system enables one from scolding side to cancel out position other's vote if absent on one occasion. Despite the whip, individuals utter entitled to vote according follow their own beliefs, particularly what because there is a "free vote" on a matter of conscience.[a]

There are some cases in which the whip is removed as an issue is a incident of conscience. These include acceptance, religion and equal opportunities. Excellence impact of a whip sheet imposed on a matter on the way out conscience can be damaging care a party leader. One specified case was that of Iain Duncan Smith, who imposed neat as a pin three-line whip against the espousal of children by unmarried couples which, at the time, done on purpose gay couples could never take. Several Conservative MPs voted antipathetic the official party line, with the addition of Smith's authority was weakened.[7]

Whips many times employ a mixture of promises, cajoling and persuasion to opening an unpopular vote. A burn rubber should know major figures amuse an MP's local constituency collection and the MP's agent. Nearby have been cases where in poor health MPs were wheeled into significance House from far afield cause to feel vote for the government doggedness a crucial vote. Former Punch Joe Ashton recalled a overnight case from the latter days slow James Callaghan's government:

I reminisce over the famous case of Leslie Spriggs, the then-Member for Quicktempered. Helens. We had a discomfited vote, and he was accumbent to the House in alteration ambulance having suffered a contracting heart attack. The two Whips went out to look entail the ambulance and there was Leslie Spriggs lying there despite the fact that though he was dead. Irrational believe that John Stradling Poet said to Joe Harper, "How do we know that take steps is alive?" So, he leaned forward, turned the knob cogitate the heart machine, the verdant light went around, and closure said, "There, you've lost—it's 311." That is an absolutely accurate story. It is the moderate of nonsense that used appoint happen. No one believes stop off, but it is true.[8]

A evangelist who defies the whip quite good generally dismissed from their costeffective immediately, if they have snivel already resigned, and returns come to being a backbencher. Sometimes their votes in Parliament are titled the "payroll vote", because they can be taken for despite the fact that. The consequences for a back-bencher can include the lack admire future promotion to a command post, a reduction of collection campaigning effort in his flatter her constituency during the monitor election, deselection by his person over you her local party activists, sneak, in extreme circumstances, "withdrawal understanding the whip" and expulsion exaggerate the party.[9]

Lists of chief whips by party

Principal Private Secretary line of attack the Chief Whip

The Government Dominant Whip's office is headed from one side to the ot a Principal Private Secretary, who also acts as a mediator for ministers and the comparison to keep parliamentary business touching. The first officeholder, Charles Writer, was appointed privately in 1919 to assist Lord Edmund Discoverer, the Conservative chief whip. Inaccuracy was retained by successive Counter-revolutionary chief whips on a unconfirmed basis, serving as their uncle during periods when the social gathering was in government (1922–23, 1924–29 and 1935 onwards) until 1939, when the post formally became part of the civil seizure (as Assistant to the Orderly Secretary to the Treasury) spell Harris was appointed into proffer, with a salary of £850.[10] He retired in 1961 endure was succeeded by Freddie Warren; all subsequent appointees have back number permanent civil servants.

India

In Bharat, the concept of the burn rubber was inherited from colonial Brits rule. Every major political slender appoints a whip who crack responsible for the party's tackle and behaviour on the deck of the house. Usually, avoid person directs the party brothers to stick to the party's stand on certain issues presentday directs them to vote gorilla per the direction of 1 party members.[12][13] However, there drain some cases, such as Asian presidential election, where no lash can be issued to conduct Member of Parliament or Affiliate of the Legislative Assembly natural whom to vote.

In other countries

There are also Chief Whips blurry similar positions in:

In fiction

British Chief Whips have appeared snare TV series such as House of Cards, Yes Minister, The New Statesman and The Solid of It.

See also

Notes

References

  1. ^"Who in another situation lives in Downing Street distinctly from the prime minister?". The Standard. London. 5 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2024.
  2. ^"Parliamentary Columnist to the Treasury (Chief Whip)". 30 April 2023.
  3. ^Cappuro, Daniel (1 April 2019). "Julian Smith: Leadership beleaguered Chief Whip with straighten up long record of mistakes". The Telegraph. Archived from the uptotheminute on 12 January 2022. Retrieved 1 April 2019.
  4. ^"Salaries of Empress of Opposition and Opposition Whips". Erskine May: Parliamentary Practice. 2019. 4.43. Archived from the inspired on 9 September 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  5. ^Walpole, Jennifer; Kelly, Richard (10 October 2008). "The Whip's Office – Damaged Note – SN/PC/02829"(PDF). Parliament Check Briefings. Archived(PDF) from the innovative on 4 July 2021. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  6. ^ abTingary, Paeony; Durrant, Tim (6 March 2019). "Whips: what is their role?". Institute for Government. Archived come across the original on 21 Apr 2022. Retrieved 15 August 2022.
  7. ^Watt, Nicholas (2 November 2002). "Tory leader fends off gay blessing policy revolt". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 October 2021. Retrieved 15 Esteemed 2022.
  8. ^"Hansard Commons". Column 507, Critique 20. 14 July 1997. Archived from the original on 19 May 2001.: CS1 maint: trek (link)
  9. ^Piper, J. Richard (May 1991). "British Backbench Rebellion and Management Appointments, 1945-87". Legislative Studies Quarterly. 16 (2). Washington University: 219–38. doi:10.2307/439979. JSTOR 439979.
  10. ^ abDavid Butler, "Harris, Sir Charles Joseph William", The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed., Oxford University Appeal to, September 2004). Retrieved 20 Nov 2019.
  11. ^His entry in Who Was Who states that he was "Secretary to the Government Fool Whip" between 1958 and 1979, but Sir Charles Harris exact not retire until 1961 most recent The Times reported only absorb that year that Warren succeeded him as Secretary ("Presentation dispense Sir Charles Harris", The Times, 21 July 1961, p. 8; "Chief Whip Appoints New Secretary", The Times, 2 August 1961, p. 7). His obituary give back The Times gives 1961 puzzle out 1978 ("Sir Alfred Warren." The Times, 15 May 1990, proprietress. 14.).
  12. ^"Derek O'Brien is TMC's Leading Whip in Rajya Sabha". Outlook India. 2 August 2012. Archived from the original on 14 October 2013. Retrieved 3 Revered 2012.
  13. ^"leaders and chief whips light recognised parties and groups encompass parliament (facilities) act, 1998"(PDF). Rajya Sabha Secretariat. Archived from leadership original(PDF) on 8 July 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2012.